Composição, estrutura e a ecologia histórica de um trecho de Floresta Estacional Decidual (FED) situada no Meio Oeste catarinense, Brasil

Abstract

The aim of this study was to analyze the floristic composition, the horizontal and vertical stretch of a Deciduous Forest, located on the banks of the rio do Peixe, in Ipira and Piratuba (SC) and evaluate the historical ecology of this landscape. 14 transects were marked with size 1.000 m2, with conducting random collections during the years 2009 and 2010. All trees with DBH equal to or greater than 4 cm were tagged and measured. For analysis of Natural Regeneration considered individuals with DBH less than 4,0 cm and less than 2,0 cm in each of the plots of 40 m2, placed in each of the ten plots of trasectos. The historical ecology was assessed through literature searches, based on field studies and reports from farmers in order to identify the economic and social situation of the families of farmers, as well as the relationship between the use of property and natural resources, especially on the degree knowledge on "Invasive Plants". As a result it was found that 2.125 individuals sampled were distributed in 34 families and 113 species, and H 'of 3,92. The family Myrtaceae showed a higher number of species (16) and Gymnanthes concolor largest number of individuals (146). The heterogeneity of the tree component between areas reveals little compared to phytogeographic patterns based on the distribution of species, seeming to be more influenced by abiotic factors, mainly the climate and soil type. The species Luehea divaricata showed higher VI, while the species Hovenia dulcis occupied the 12th place. The vertical structure showed that among the 113 species found six feature exclusive representatives in the lower stratum, 35 in the middle stratum, three on top and 72 common to all strata. The analysis of the profile of landowners revealed the existence of a fairly typical, with small family groups consisting of three sons, integrated agro-industries which derive a monthly income 3-5 wages. Almost half of respondents (47%) stated that family members under 25 years no longer reside or will have to leave the farms, demonstrating a gradual tendency rural exodus in the Midwest region of Santa Catarina. All respondents said they rely on the assistance of companies that collaborate frequently. Was observed preference of farmers in the use of species such as Eucalyptus spp and Hovenia dulcis (76.7%) for multiple use on their properties. All respondents reported using Hovenia dulcis how to create shading. Over 70% of farmers expressed no willingness to volunteer work in the plant control in forest fragments in the region. Thus, it was possible to observe the importance of the multidisciplinary nature of Historical Ecology, by the sum of the historical actions and their interrelationships in landscape attributes, resulting in biological contamination by alien species Hovenia dulcis, becoming a useful tool for formulation of public policies for the sustainable use of natural resources, associating social relationships, the natural sciences, in addition to the political and economic aspects.