Variabilidade temporal e espacial de parâmetros biofísicos da Mata Atlântica, Brasil

Abstract

The Atlantic Forest considered the fifth most threatened biome in the world and a "hotspot" of biodiversity, whose conservation and monitoring become worldwide priority, this biome is now home to less than one hundred thousand square kilometers of the more than one million documents, where they are located 3,517 municipalities concentrating about 120 million and approximately 70% of the Brazilian Gross Domestic Product. In order to study the temporal and spatial dynamics of biophysical parameters in the Atlantic Forest in Brazil the year soil 2000-2014, through sensory data in order to subsidize mitigation and compensation of impacts caused by climate variability, for it It was used climatic data (rainfall and mean temperature) obtained from the INMET and EVI2 vegetation index obtained by the LAF - INPE, this data being subjected to the nonparametric Mann - Kendall and Pettit in order to analyze the variation of the parameters Biophysical in the biome. From this non-parametric analysis, the EVI2 (CS%) underwent prognosis of vegetation through the Markov chain for the next 10 years (2015-2024). In the analysis of rain trends, it was found that 37% of insignificant data tends to increase, significant growth to 33%, 7% and 23% mean decrease to a negligible decrease. The significant growth trend was prevalent in the years 2002, 2004, 2005, 2012 and 2014. In the years 2000, 2003, 2007, 2008, 2009 and 2013 the growth trend was insignificant. In relation to the average temperature of the air, it was found that the predominant trend is significant temperature decrease (77% frequency), except for the months of May 2000 (0.00039), January 2001 (0.91905) and February 2014 (0.97889) that showed significant increasing trend, not significant and insignificantly, respectively. The vegetation showed a decrease in the Northeast, the Southeast states showed a vegetation growth trend, except for the state of Rio de Janeiro, which showed an insignificant downward trend in forest cover in the state. In the South all states showed decreasing trend of vegetation coverage rate during the study period, there is the state of Paraná that showed a significant trend, unlike other states. In the Midwest it was found that the State of Mato Grosso do Sul, the trend is not significant decline in forest cover, whereas in Goiás state this trend is significantly increasing. The nonparametric statistics applied to average air temperature for the Atlantic Forest is not indicated and should be prioritized the minimum or maximum air and the regional data analysis. The EVI2 showed in some states desertification trend in the biome, but for better analysis should be considered social and economic variables in addition to the climatic and environmental. Maintaining the current condition of vegetation, future scenarios are not optimistic, which requires the government and society to adopt a fresh look at environmental issues.