Nutrição e adubação do pinhão manso e crambe

Abstract

To elucidate about some oilseeds that have potential for biodiesel production, in the State of Rio de Janeiro, this thesis presents, in the form of chapters, results of mineral nutrition and production of physic nut (Jatropha curcas L.) and crambe (Crambe abyssinica H.). In the Chapter 1, entitled "Accumulation of nutrients, assessment of nutritional stadium and exportation of nutrients in plants of physic nut in a Fragiudult soil", it was concluded that physic nut has the following order in relation to nutrient content: N>Mg>Ca>K P. The stem and leaf are the organs that have the highest nutrient content. Regarding micronutrients in the aerial part, i.e., stem, leaves and fruits, the levels were in the following order: Mn>Fe>Zn>Cu. When considering the root, this sequence is modified in the first two micronutrients, where Fe is in the first position followed by the Mn. The physic nut plant, with two years of transplanting accumulates macronutrients in the following order: Mg>Ca>N>P􀀀K. For the micronutrients, the accumulation order is as following: Mn>Fe>Zn>Cu. The leaves harvested at position 3 are more appropriate to diagnose the nutritional level of physic nut plants, related to N, P, K, Ca, Cu, Zn and Fe nutrients. For Mg and Mn it is more appropriate nutrients to sample leaves at position 7. The branch with inflorescence is the most suitable for removing the leaves of plants for nutritional diagnosis of physic nut. Regarding the exportation of nutrients in the fruits of physic nut, the seeds showed higher exports for the nutrients N, P, Cu and Zn, since the shells had higher export of K, Ca, Mg, Mn and Fe. In the Chapter 2, which was titled "Initial development of physic nut as a function of different forms of soil amendment", it was concluded that best methods for correction of soil acidity for the cultivation of physic nut are the base saturation rising up to 50% and neutralization of aluminum. The gypsum is efficient and can also be recommended when the soil has a low Ca and Mg level with depth. In Chapter 3, entitled "Response of different accessions of physic nut to the toxic effects of aluminum cultivated in hydroponics", it was found that increasing the levels of Al reduced the root length, number of leaves and plant height for the accessions of physic nut CNPAE-170, CNPAE-190, UFRRJ-346 and UFRRJ-858. The increasing levels of Al3+ in the nutrient solution induced a reduction in the levels and accumulation of nutrients in all accessions of physic nut. In Chapter 4, entitled "Accumulation of nutrients and yield of crambe as a function of fertilization with castor cake and serpentinite", it was concluded that the application of serpentinite silicate without sulfur increased the contents and accumulation of N, P, K, Ca and Mg and the crambe seed production. The use of castor bean PDS as organic fertilizer increased the growth and development of crambe. In general, the dose of 8 ton ha-1 was the most suitable for the fertilization of the crambe crop. In Chapter 5, entitled "Use of different oilseeds pies for providing nutrients to the crambe crop ", it was concluded that, according to the amount of nutrients in the aerial part and in the roots of crambe plants, the following order was observed: K>N􀀀Ca>P>Mg. The application of oil cakes associated with incubation of the soil increases the nutrient content in the soil, when compared to the soil not incubated.