Estudo comparativo dos óleos essenciais de espécies da família Myrtaceae através do perfil cromatográfico, análise multivariada e atividades biológicas

Abstract

The Myrtaceae family comprises more than 3,500 species, which are widely distributed on all continents (except Antarctica). The chemical diversity and the biological potential of essential oils extracted from fresh leaves of Myrtaceae species cultivated in the Botanical Garden of UFRRJ were described. Six different species were studied: Eugenia uniflora L. (“pitanga”), Eugenia brasiliensis L. (“grumixama”), Psidium cattleianum Sabine (“araçá”), Psidium guajava L. (“goiaba”), Syzygium cumini (“jamelão”) and Syzygium malaccense (L.) (“jambo”). Chemical, statistical and biological methods were used, with the aid of chromatographic analysis (GC-FID and GC-MS), chemometrics (PCA and HCA statistical analysis) and biological activities (larvicide, trypanocidal, fungicidal and antioxidant) to determine these essencial oils. The essential oil of species E. uniflora L, E. brasiliensis, P.cattleianum and P. guajava showed mainly sesquiterpenes in its compositions, while the oil from S. cumini was rich in monoterpenes and S. malaccense presented, mostly, chemical constituents not derived isoprene metabolites.. The chemometric analysis of GC-MS data of the oils extracted from leaves of six species, discriminated three groups of essential oils, according to the similarity of the composition of volatile components for each species. Specifically, for the P.cattleianum and P. guajava data, the -caryophyllene and -humuleno constituents could be considered markers of Psidium genus. The biological results suggested that the essential oils of the species studied were effective as they showed larvicide and fungicidal activity . The essential oil of E. uniflora and its isolated furanodiene showed antioxidant activity, with the TBARS method, and also showed potential anti-Trypanosoma cruzi activity, which suggests that both are an interesting alternative to combat infectious diseases such as Chagas disease