Perfil mineral de bovinos leiteiros e disponibilidade de minerais no solo e pastagens na região do Médio Paraíba - Estado do Rio de Janeiro

Abstract

With the objective to contribute to the study of mineral deficiencies, a survey was conducted through questionnaires, farmers interviews and visits in the properties for a initial diagnosis of the problem. Among the reported outbreaks highlight the signs suggestive of phosphorus deficiency: stiff joints (7.35%), lameness and creaking joints during movement (10.29%) and gnaw and/or chew bones (39.71 %). "Mumps" in calves was reported in three properties (4.41%) suggesting that iodine deficiency or hypoproteinemia. Manifestations of deficiency of cobalt were evidenced by biting and/or chewing tree bark (8.82%), loss of appetite in good pastures (5.88%) and pastures where horses develop only (1.47%). Were also reported signs of deficiencies of zinc, copper and sodium, as well as nonspecific signs (abortion, retained fetal membranes, and retarded growth of calves). The data were collected on soil management and pasture in 20 properties and seven farms were conducted analysis of macro and micronutrient minerals as well as to evaluate soil fertility. The results in soils and pastures showed deficiencies of phosphorus and high amounts of minerals such as iron, zinc, manganese and magnesium which interfere with absorption of copper mainly explaining the signs of this deficiency. The fertile soil condition and fodder were also compromised by the high acidity and high value of aluminum in soils. Failures were observed in the nutritional management of herds and in relation to grazing and management of mineral salt. The opinion of the owners of the herds on mineralization was also elucidated the majority in favor of its use, but admitting mistakes in handling and troughs in the supply of mineral mixtures. In blood serum Mg, Fe and Mn were within normal limits, Ca, Na, K, Co, Cu and Zn below normal and P stood out as being above normal values. Cows compared to calves had higher K and Zn deficiency and comparing the seasons, Co, Fe and Mn were lower at the beginning of the rainy season and Mg and K with smaller values in the early dry season.