Estudo do efeito das misturas de óleos de pinhão manso, de fritura e sebo bovino na produção de biodiesel

Abstract

The discussion on energy issues are increasingly in evidence. The dynamics of gradual depletion of non-renewable energy reserves such as oil and global warming encourages a race to renewable energy alternatives. This dynamic search economically viable new energy sources through technological progress. In this context, it has increased the development of biodiesel as a renewable energy source. In the case of the Brazilian energy, biodiesel plays a promising role. The country has in its geography major agronomic advantages, being situated in a tropical area, with high brightness and mean annual temperatures. On water availability and regularity of rainfall, becomes the country with the highest potential for renewable energy production. This contributes to the generation of jobs in the primary sector, which in Brazil is of utmost importance to social development and priority of our current government. This ensures the work in the field, reducing the swelling of the big cities and favoring the cycle of self-supporting economy essential to the autonomy of the country. Moreover, the price of diesel fuel in the energy matrix is considerably high compared with other countries. Therefore, biodiesel has a higher potential market in Brazil and the technological innovations associated with it can increase the efficiency of diesel in the consumer sectors, especially the transportation sector. Therefore, this dissertation's main objective is the evaluation of the influence of the major operating variables of the transesterification reaction using as raw material mixtures of jatropha oil, frying oil and beef tallow in different proportions (30/70, 50/50, and 70/30) in the presence of methanol. Moreover, it was studied the technical viability of two different technologies for producing biodiesel (conventional, microwave) and their influence on the reaction conversion. For a better evaluation of the experiments, different schedules were performed, according to the operational variables such as time, molar ratios, temperature, proportion of mixture and catalyst concentration. The best yield value obtained for the production of biodiesel frying / sebum with the conventional technology (BFSC) was 87.09% by weight, 99.20% in content of esters, having a viscosity of 5.42 mm²/s. This performance was achieved using 0.5% KOH, mixtures of 70/30, with time of 3 hours, in terms of molar ratio 9:1 at 70 °C. In the production of biodiesel frying / sebum with the use of microwaves (BFSM) it was observed that with 1.5% KOH, mixtures of 70/30 at time 10 seconds, the molar ratio of 9:1, was obtained a maximum yield of 88.87% by weight, 99.42% by ester content and a viscosity of biodiesel 5.61 mm²/s. In biodiesel frying / Jatropha using conventional technology (BFPC), it was reached a best yield of 80.42% by weight, 99.99% in amounts of esters, using 0.5% of KOH, mixtures of 70/30, with 3 hours reaction time, molar ratio 9:1, at 70 °C. The best operational condition for the production of biodiesel from mixture of frying / jatropha with the use of microwaves (BFPM) was observed in 1.5% KOH, with mixtures of 30/70, 10 seconds of time and a molar ratio of 9:1, reaching a total biomass yield, conversion to esters and viscosity of 77.30%, 99.89% and 5.25 mm²/s respectively