Prevalência de parasitos zoonóticos em solos e fezes de praças públicas segundo testes diagnósticos. Seropédica, Estado do Rio de Janeiro, 2006

Abstract

The aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence of zoonotics parasites of dogs and cats in soil of public squares at Seropédica City in state of the Rio de Janeiro according to diagnostic tests. All 25 registered squares of this city participated in this study being visited at least once. Considering the soil area as rectangular, five soil samples were collected, with about 250g each one. All fresh fecal samples of dogs and cats found during the visits were collected. In total were 125 soil samples submitted to Dunsmore et al. s technique (1984) and Adaptation of Rugai s methods (CARVALHO et al., 2005) and 81 fecal samples were analyzed according to Willis', Hoffman s and centrifuge- flotation techniques. The soil and feces samples were processed and analyzed at the laboratory of Coccídios e Coccidioses PSA (EMBRAPA/UFRRJ). The ?2 test with 5% of significance was made in Epinfo program 2002 to evaluate the association between parasites prevalence and diagnostic tests used. Eggs of Ancylostomatids, Toxocarids, Trichuris spp., Ascaris spp. and larvae of Ancylostomatids and Strongyloides spp. were detected in soil of seven (28.00%) squares. The Adaptation of the of Rugai s method (CARVALHO et al., 2005), to the soil s analysis, is more efficient than the Dunsmore et al. s technique (1984) because is cheaper and easier to executed besides detecting eggs of Ancylostomatids (4.80%), Ascaris spp. (1.60%), Trichuris spp. (2.40%), larvae of Ancylostomatids (8.80%) and Strongyloides spp. (1.60%) and free living nematodes (36.80%), forms that were not detected by the Dunsmore et al. s technique (1984). The prevalence of Toxocarids eggs was similar (p= 0.213) in both techniques. In 92.50% of the 81 fecal samples collected was observed at least a parasite type in one of the technique use. The most prevalent parasite in animals` feces was Ancylostomatids (80.25%) following for Toxocarids (11.11%), cestoids (8.64%), Cryptosporidium spp. (7.41%) and Trichuris spp. (6.17%). In 34.57% fecal were observed multiple infections by two or three different types of parasites. The low prevalence of Ancylostomatids eggs in soil samples contrast with the high prevalence observed in feces, suggesting that the environment conditions are not favourable to the development and survival of its infectants forms, although it can be present in fewer amount than those capable by the techniques used. The low prevalence of Toxocarids in feces in comparison of Ancylostomatids, indicated that animals, which have access to those places, are adults and not litter, which are the main responsible to spread Toxocarids eggs in the environment. Although have been identified in feces, any cyst or protozoan oocyst was diagnosed in soil sample indicating the necessity of diagnostic techniques efficient enough to detect such parasites in soil.