Cinemática do salto de equinos de iniciação esportiva na Escola de Equitação do Exército

Abstract

Training is one of several factors that can determine the outcome of a horse and rider in a show-jumping concurs. The aim of this study was to evaluate, in an objective view, the foal training. We used 14 foals aged between 40 and 42 months. The animals performed on two occasions the protocol described below. The animals performed on two occasions the protocol described below. In the first opportunity did not have any specific training to jump and were performed only tamed. Horses underwent a standardized training for young horses for six months doing work mounted six times a week, and on two occasions made specific showjumping work, jumping cross-country obstacles and track obstacles. The animals had 19 reflective markers attached to their main links used as benchmarks for evaluating the performance characteristics of the jump. The horses were led into an enclosed arena where they did loose jump (without rider), being used in reference to the main obstacle a 6.0 meters jump. We evaluated five jumps valid (without knocking down the obstacle), an obstacle Oxer, with 1.00 m high and 0.90 m wide. The recordings were performed with 100 Hz camera and the images processed in Simi Reality Motion Systems®. The results were statistically analyzed as paired data with the objective of verifying the influence only of training. We analyzed 19 variables, two-speed, eight angular and nine linear. Differences (p <0.05) were found at the following variables: speed before the obstacle, speed over the obstacle, angle scapulohumeral, angle radial-humerus, scapula-radius distance, femoral-tibial angle, hip joint angle, displacement of the withers at the maximum height over the obstacle. These results suggest that specific training jump can modify some features of the jump from animals. All changes were positive, eg improved performance horse. However, other variables showed no significant difference, as the maximum height at withers and the distance of front and rear legs over the obstacle, making us believe that the horse power (maximum height) over the obstacle was not influenced by this training. It is notable that the values of the horizontal displacement at maximum height of withers, where it is observed that the animals showed an improvement in the trajectory after training, because the values of aproximation, reception and maximum height were not affected. However, the apex of the trajectory was more centered on the obstacle, featuring a best fit of the path jump. We conclude that a 5 month training on young horses directly influence on its trajectory, improving her jump, not improving, however, all variables.