Biossólido e fertilizante mineral como adubação de plantio de espécies da Mata Atlântica: crescimento inicial e seus efeitos no solo

Abstract

Considering the scenario of degradation and fragmentation of biomes over time, it is necessary to implement measures aimed at the recovery of these ecosystems. A possible alternative to meet the nutritional demands of plants is the use of biosolids. The objective of the first chapter was to evaluate the survival and influence on growth variables, in the field, of Guarea guidonia, Cordia superba and Inga edulis, as a result of planting fertilization using biosolids and mineral fertilizers and their effects on the soil. The experiment was installed and conducted in an area of the Reserva Ecológica de Guapiaçu, municipality of Cachoeiras de Macacu - RJ, in a randomized block design, using three tree species, with five blocks. Based on the chemical analysis of the soil and the biosolids, 4.5 liters of biosolids per hole were used, in addition to mineral fertilization with the amount of nutrients equivalent to the biosolids dose. Thus, the treatments consisted of control, 4.5 liters of biosolids and mineral fertilization in a pit, soil classified as a Latossolo Vermelho-Amarelo Distrófico típico with a sandy-clay texture, in an area with strong wavy relief. For the species Guarea guidonia and Cordia superba, fertilization with biosolids showed satisfactory results for growth. The species Inga edulis responded to fertilization in mineral form. The application of biosolids increased the amount of organic matter present in the soil. For the second chapter, the objective was to verify the growth of Guarea guidonia due to the application of increasing doses of biosolids, and their effects on the soil, under pot conditions. Using the same soil as in Chapter I, collected in the experiment area, 0-60 cm layer, and doses of biosolids (0; 1.5; 3.0 and 6.0 liters per pot), an experiment was installed in a completely randomized design, using the species Guarea guidonia, in an area of UFRRJ, with 8 replicates of each plant per treatment, in 18-liter pots. The species showed the highest values for the variables measured with the highest dose used (6.0 l of biosolids per pot), in addition, the increase in the dose improved the chemical characteristics of the soil, as well as the increase in organic matter. In the third chapter, using the same doses as in Chapter II, the objective was to evaluate which is the most recommended for the growth of Lafoensia glyptocarpa. In addition, the objective was to compare the best dose with mineral fertilizers in the growth and nutrition of Lafoensia glyptocarpa, and their effects on soil chemistry. Using soil classified as a Latossolo Vermelho-Amarelo Distrófico típico with a clayey texture, an experiment was set up in a completely randomized design with 6 replicates of each plant per treatment. The best dose among those evaluated was 6 l of biosolids per pot. Lafoensia glyptocarpa responded to fertilization with the sources used, both differed significantly from the control, which had the lowest averages for most variables. In comparison to mineral fertilizations, the dose of 6 l showed satisfactory results, being recommended for fertilizing this species in soil similar to that used in the present study.