Avaliação da situação fundiária do parque estadual da Serra da Concórdia e proposta de hierarquização dos imóveis, para fins de indenização, por meio de análise multicritério

Abstract

The creation of protected areas of the environment, more than necessary, is an attempt to ensure the own survival of the human species and harmony with nature. However, some areas that are proposed for preservation, before hand must be recovered or restored, because they are formed by several private areas which, normally, have part of their soil used for agriculture and pasture, among other usages. According to the current environmental legislation, the area inside of a Conservation Unit of integral protection should be in public domain and have their juridical and registry situation regularized, and this process is facilitated by public policy. In this sense, this work was carried out to evaluate the grid land which, integral or partially, form the Parque Estadual da Serra da Concórdia (PESC) and to offer a hierarchy of indemnity, based on criteria of importance for the environment and the park administration. To elaborate a hierarchy of properties, establishing an order of priority, it was necessary to prepare a map of the land situation containing the 71 properties that composed the PESC, and to obtain an equation that could reach the market value for each one of the related properties, because the tables used for expropriation of rural areas, by the Instituto Nacional de Colonização e Reforma Agrária (INCRA) and Instituto Estadual do Ambiente (INEA), presented values differing from each other. Hierarchy was based on five criteria, with different importance among them, and it was generated based on a multicriteria method, proposed by Saaty, using Geographic Information System. The market value calculated from the equation of linear regression for each property was close enough to the values in the table used by INCRA, and the hierarchy was consistent with the priority established for each criterion. The methodology used to generate the market value for the properties to be indemnified, should be used for the parks agency manager, because it would avoid a delay in the land regularization by virtue of lawsuits, brought by property owners. The application of multicriteria analysis in a GIS environment, to establish a hierarchy of indemnity, collaborates, supporting the agency manager of Conservation Units, to decide which property to indemnify. The definition of the limits of PESC, without knowing the existing grid land over which the park was created, generated for the PESC future works that will increase the cost of land regularization, besides compromising the time period of five years defined by Sistema Nacional de Unidades de Conservação for the conclusion of the park´s management plan, thus generating insecurity for the property owners involved