Desenvolvimento local e sustentável da agricultura orgânica no município de Queluz, SP, a fim de promover a soberania e segurança alimentar e nutricional no Programa Nacional de Alimentação Escolar

Abstract

The effects of global warming are dramatic, industrial agriculture being responsible for 20% of carbon dioxide emissions in the atmosphere. They cause ecological imbalance with direct impacts on the soil desertification, food production, food insecurity, poverty and the scarcity of renewable resources. More and more actions that contributes do the construction of sustainable local development are increasingly urgent. It was based on this premise that this research was developed. It is part of the project approved under the protocol nº 797/2016 by the Ethics and Research Commission of the Federal Rural University of Rio de Janeiro – UFRRJ (Resolution 466/12, Protocol nº 797/2016) and was supported by the Municipality of Queluz, SP and local partners. The goal of our research was the local and sustainable development of organic agriculture in the municipality of Queluz, SP, in order to promote sovereignty and food nutritional security in the National School Feeding Program. This group was studied in relation to its socio-cultural profile, economic profile, production techniques and agroecological transition from May 2018 to February 2020 In the socio-cultural profile, 34% of the producers were aged over 60 years old and 55% had a high school education, as for education, 44% do not participate of any culture and activity and 55% participate in activities. In the economic profile related to land ownership, the survey diagnosed that 45% are owners, 33% are partners, 11% are tenants and 11 % are sharecroppers. Field sizes are: 45% of the owners have areas greater than 10,000 and less than 96,000 m2, 11% of the tenants have areas between 5,000 to 10,000 m2 and 22% of the partners and sharecroppers have areas between 500 and 1,000m2. But no activity uses areas larger than 10,000m2. As part of the evaluation of production techniques the following were considered: promotion of biodiversity, soil management, and pest and disease management. In the promotion of biodiversity, 12 practices were researched and worked on. At the end of the research, it was found that 57.42% of the group used the various forms of promoting biodiversity. For soil management, 56% of the group uses chemical or foliar fertilization on an occasional basis and 39.8% use alternative. For management of pests and diseases, 45.5% use alternative products in the phytosanitary combat and 56% use pesticides (44.5% herbicide and 11.2% fungicide). In the agroecological transition, the evaluation and the time for the total conversion of the property were carried out. The data found were as follows: none of the evaluated producers has organic certification, however 78% of them are in partial transition from their properties; 11% are in full transition and 11% did not adhere to any practices. In this process, the organic management plan for each property was created with the group and the organic management plan notebook of the Ministry of Agriculture and Fishery guided the work. The purpose of the Project was achieved, but to achieve the group’s organic certification, the support of partners and public sector as well as technical training in agroecology must continue.