Fauna flebotomínica (Diptera: Psychodidae; Phlebotominae) e identificação dos vetores de Leishmania sp. em região de cavernas, do município de Sumidouro, estado do Rio de Janeiro, Brasil

Abstract

In order to know the phlebotomine fauna of the municipality of Sumidouro, state of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, catches were made in 2009 and 2010 in the cave, the surrounding area and the forest in the region, considering a case report of leishmaniasis. In 2007, heavy rains fell on the municipality of Sumidouro, causing a strong environmental impact due to landslides and erosion. As a result, sandflies were collected in 2015 and 2016, in the same locations and with identical methodology used in 2009 and 2010, aiming to correlate with the previous phlebotomine fauna. For analysis of the relation of climatic indices with the three most frequent species, a Poisson regression was performed. Differences between the results of the Standardized Index of Species Abundance (SISA) were evaluated by applying analysis of variance (ANOVA). In 2009 and 2010, 1,756 sandflies belonging to 13 species were captured, 10 of which were Lutzomyia: L. gasparviannai Martins, Godoy & Silva, 1962, L. edwardsi (Mangabeira, 1946), L. tupynambai (Mangabeira, 1942), L. hirsuta hirsuta (Mangabeira, L. whitmani (Antunes & Coutinho, 1939), L. davisi (Root, 1934), L. migonei (France, 1920), L. microps (Mangabeira, 1942), L. cortelezzii (Brethés, 1923), L. quinquefer (Dyar, 1929) and two of the genus Brumptomyia: B. brumpti (Larrouse, 1920), B. guimaraesi (Coutinho & Barreto, 1941). The L. gasparviannai species was predominant in all collection sites, with the most significant frequency among the captured species in the forest. In 2015 and 2016, 2,323 sandflies were captured, being 8 species of the Lutzomyia genus: L. gasparviannai, L. edwardsi, L. tupynambai, L. hirsuta, L. whitmani, L. intermedia, L. sp. and one species of the genus Brumptomyia: B. brumpti. The survey conducted in 2015/2016 confirms the higher prevalence of L. gasparviannai, but with a marked difference, comparing catches made in 2009/2010. This species also predominated in the collections made in the three environments. The fauna diversity was lower than in 2009/2010, with eight species collected. The numbers of specimens increased and of sandflies of medical importance, L. whitmani, L. migonei, L. hirsuta hirsuta and L. davisi were more abundant, with 65 specimens captured in 2009/2010. Whereas, in 2015/2016, 38 specimens of these four species were captured. Nematode-infected L. edwardsi, collected in 2009 and 2010, were reported to be found, and five years later, Wuchereria bancrofti-infected L. gasparviannai, all species collected in the cave, were found. The results showed that the relative humidity presented significant differences (p <0.01) for the abundance of the three species that were more prevalent: L. gasparviannai, L. edwardsi and L. tupynambai. Regarding temperature only L. tupynambai presented significant difference in the abundance between these three species. In the collections performed in the cave and in the remaining forest there were significant differences in the frequencies of these three species. When comparing the surroundings and the forest and the periods of 2009 and 2010 with 2015 and 2016, the species L. edwardsi and L. tupynambai presented significant differences in their frequencies between the studied environments and the collected collections. apresentaram diferenças significativas em suas frequências entre os ambientes The analysis of variance found that there were significant differences between the SISA values of L. gasparviannai, L. edwardsi and L. tupynambai (p - value = 0.004).