O desinteresse discente pelas aulas de educação física no ensino fundamental: análise sob a perspectiva das necessidades psicológicas básicas

Abstract

The students' lack of interest in physical education classes is widely discussed in the literature as a phenomenon noted in high school. In the international scenario, investigations into students' lack of interest in physical education classes in elementary education suggest that this phenomenon is happening earlier. This question and evidences lead us to understand that it is necessary to investigate the reasons that explain the lack of interest and engagement of students in physical education classes, even in elementary school. Self-Determination Theory has been the theoretical approach most used to evaluate motivational aspects in sports and physical activity, since it presents a theoretical framework that allows the researchers to explore the influence of the satisfaction of the basic psychological needs on the motivational factors that determine student´s attitudes to physical education in elementary school. The goal of this research was to identify the indexes of satisfaction of the basic psychological needs, as well as to interpret the reasons of the students' absence in the physical education classes based on their reports based on the dimensions of Basic Psychological Needs. The model adopted in the research was the mixed sequential method. The quantitative analysis was descriptive and comparative in nature and the qualitative analysis was interpretive in nature.The research sample was characterized according to the phases of obtaining the data. In the extensive phase was composed of 153 students of the Municipal Education Network of Rio de Janeiro and in the intensive phase, the sample was composed of 12 students of both sexes and coming from classes of sixth and ninth grade. In the extensive phase, we used the Basic Psychological Needs in Exercise Scale (BPNES), adapted to the Portuguese language In the intensive phase, an adaptation of the technique of the Dialectic Hermeneutic Circle (CHD) was used. Quantitative data analysis was performed using descriptive and inferential statistics. The qualitative analysis took place in the interpretative perspective through the technique of content analysis with the help of MaxQda software. The results from the quantitative data showed that, in general, students felt moderately attended to their basic psychological needs of competence and social bonds in physical education classes, but the need for autonomy has not been contemplated in the classes of education physical. From the alignment of the results of the research phases, this study indicates that lack of ability (competence), lack of diversification of contents beyond the most well- known collective sports (competence / autonomy) and lack of opportunities to participate in the decision (autonomy) are the main reasons that lead to students' lack of interest in physical education classes.