Spondias tuberosa (umbuzeiro) e Poincianella pyramidalis (catingueira): importância para o nordestino e qualidade de mudas inoculadas com fungos micorrízicos arbusculares

Abstract

Caatinga in the is expressive The use of native plant species, such as the umbuzeiro and catingueira, a source of income and medicines by the local human population. To these species was evaluated by an ethnobotanical approach. The sociocultural, economic and environmental importance of umbuzeiro (Spondias tuberosa) and catingueira (Poincianella pyramidalis), as well as their association with of mycorrhizal fungi (AMF). The field research was conducted in the main fairs and street markets of Juazeiro (BA) and Petrolina (PE), in January 2012, by means of semi-structured interviews with vendors and consumers. Through free listing, we assessed the relative importance of cultural and Boss species used as medicinal and listing of vendors and consumers.The investigation of inoculation with AMF in umbuzeiro and catingueira condition was performed in controlled laboratory and greenhouse at Embrapa Agrobiology. The selection experiments of AMF with better responses in growth and umbuzeiro catingueira were installed and conducted simultaneously for 150 days after planting and inoculation (DAPI), beginning in April 2011. Isolates Rhizophagus clarus, Acaulospora scrobiculata, A. morrowiae, Dentiscutata heterogama, Gigaspora margarita were used in both experiments from a collection of Embrapa Agrobiology and mixture of AMF species native to the Caatinga. The experimental design was randomized blocks with six replications evaluating: height, height diameter lap shoot dry weight of shoot and root, leaf phosphorus and number of spores disc. The experiment of mycorrhizal dependency and response to inoculation with mycorrhizal seedlings catingueira were installed in May 2012, and umbuzeiro seedlings in July 2012, both conducted and 110 DAPI. The treatments were the combination of 5 doses of phosphorus via KH2PO4 (22.8 % P) and isolated A. morrowiae and Claroideoglomus etunicatum applied in seedlings of umbuzeiro and A. morrowiae and R. clarus, applied to seedlings catingueira treatment and uninoculated control for each experiment. The P applied to the soil were 0, 31, 85, 233 and 640 mg.kg -1 of P. The experiments were arranged in a randomized 5x3 factorial block design with 5 replications, which assessed: height, height diameter lap shoot dry weight of shoot and root, phosphorus in leaf disk, macronutrients in the dry weight of shoots, number leaves, mycorrhizal colonization and spore numbers in both experiments. The total chlorophyll, length and fresh weight of roots were evaluated for umbuzeiro and leaf area catingueira. The catingueira and umbuzeiro are endemic species of the Caatinga of important socioeconomic and cultural value. The isolates of A. morrowiae and R. clarus AMF species were selected for assessment of mycorrhizal dependency for catingueira, and R. Clarus and C. etunicatum to umbuzeiro. C. etunicatum showed higher symbiotic efficiency for umbuzeiro and R. clarus for catingueira. It can be concluded that the umbuzeiro and catingueira have high mycorrhizal dependency.