Desempenho de cultivares de feijoeiro comum sob adubação orgânica e convencional

Abstract

Cap. I The objective of this study was to evaluate the growth, nodulation, production and technological analysis of grains of common bean cultivars under organic and conventional fertilization. Two field experiments were conducted at the research site of Embrapa Agrobiologia, Seropédica - RJ, during April and July 2013 and April and August 2014. A 4x4 factorial split plot design (4 bean cultivars and 4 fertilization) with four replications was used, the fertilizations in the plots and cultivars in the subplots. The cultivars were Aporé, Constanza, Manteigão e Valente. The fertilizer treatments were: absolute control, chemical fertilizer and two levels of cattle manure applied at planting and castor seed meal applied at top dressed. The subplots were 4 lines of 4 m spaced by 0.5 m, using 12 seeds per meter. The seeds were inoculated with rhizobium commercial inoculant for bean with peat as a means of inoculation. Plants were sampled at two growth stages, for biomass and nodulation at flowering, and for grain yield and yield components at maturity of each cultivar. In order to determine the influence of fertilization on the cooking time and grain water absorption, a field experiment was carried out When? with 6 bean cultivars with chemical or organic fertilization. In both years, the lower dose of organic fertilizer had higher nodulation than higher organic dose and the control treatment and chemical fertilizer did not differ between themselves and had the lowest values for number and mass of nodules. In both years, cultivars Aporé and Valente showed higher number of pods per plant, number of seeds per pod and harvest index than the other cultivars. However, there were no differences between cultivars for grain yield in the two years. Organic fertilization associated with inoculation in the two years provided yields ranging from 209.9 to 262.4 g m-2, considered satisfactory and similar to those obtained by chemical fertilizer, arising as a promising technology. The organic fertilization provided N, P, K and Mg contents in grains similar to treatment with chemical fertilization. At experiment of 2015, the percentage of water absorption in grains and baking time was higher in beans that received chemical fertilizers for most cultivars. . - - Cap. II The production of common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) in small growing areas, coupled with the use of technologies that provide a reduction in the production cost and increase the economic returns of farmers, demand the identification of cultivars better suited to this type of management and accepted in the regional consumer market. The objective of this study was to evaluate the production of different bean cultivars of different types of commercial grain and the techniques of low cost management used by family farmers in Cachoeiras de Macacu region - RJ. Two experiments were conducted between April and July 2014 (winter crop) in two family farm properties. The sites were "Dois Irmãos" and "Santa Monica". Five bean cultivars were evaluated at “Dois Irmãos” (Constanza, Kaboon, Manteigão, Radiante and Valente) and two fertilization treatments (chemistry fertilizer at farmers’ applied rate and organic fertilizer). At the Santa Monica site 6 cultivars were evaluated (Valente, Constanza, Radiante, Bolinha, Pitanga and Jalo Precoce) without any fertilization, with four replicates per treatment. The plots were spaced lines of 4 m by 0.5 m, using 12 seeds per meter. Seeds were inoculated with peat based commercial rhizobia inoculants. At maturity, grains of each cultivar were harvested from an area of 2 m2 in the two central lines of each plot for productivity assessment. Grain yield of the five cultivars did not differ among the fertilizer treatments at “Dois Irmãos”. Grain production of the six cultivars did not differ from each other at “Santa Monica”. The Valente and Radiante cultivars reached the highest production for the two sites; “Dois Irmãos” and “Santa Monica”, respectively. In general, all cultivars showed good performance for the different types of management, with average yield above 2000 kg ha-1 in the two properties. Technique of inoculation of seeds with rhizobia was well evaluated by farmers by the ease implementation and low cost of deployment.