As políticas públicas para agricultura familiar como possibilidade de mitigar impactos dos megaempreendimentos na agricultura de Itaguaí - RJ

Abstract

This study aims to evaluate public policies for family agriculture in the municipality of Itaguaí, State of Rio de Janeiro, analyzing actions and projects as possible to mitigate the impacts of mega-projects installed there. More specifically, the study focuses on how is the participation of three forces: society, public and market power in the conduct of public policies for local family farms. Itaguaí is part of the metropolitan area that has the following cities: Rio de Janeiro, Belford Roxo, Duque de Caxias, Guapimirim, Itaboraí, Japeri, Magé, Maricá, Mesquita, Nilópolis, Niterói, Nova Iguaçu, Paracambi, Queimados, São Gonçalo, São João de Meriti, Seropédica and Tanguá. Among these mega-projects can be mentioned the Submarine Development Program of the Navy of Brazil, which includes the construction of a naval base and a shipyard for the manufacture and maintenance of four conventional submarines and a nuclear, the total amount of investments of R$ 22.6 billion; Thyssen Krupp Siderúrgica do Atlântico - CSA (German); Vale S/A, with a total investment of 16.9 billion of reais; and the Sudeste Port (Port of Itaguaí), with a total investment of R$ 4 billion in a high impact modal. That is, it is a total direct investment in Itaguaí-RJ around R$ 43.5 billion, without considering the production chains in a city with an estimated population of 115,542 inhabitants in 2013. The aim of this study is to understand the effectiveness of public policies facing the impacts of mega-projects in Itaguaí-RJ agriculture. The specific objectives are: to identify multidimensional aspects in the municipality of Itaguaí and guiding conceptual aspects of research in Public Policy, Social Management and Sustainable Territorial Development; analyze public policies and actions for agriculture developed in Itaguaí; develop field research identifying the main actors in Family Agriculture, their actions and protagonism; identify how the Family Farming of Itaguaí has been losing ground for mega-projects. As methodological procedures are used: participant observation, interviews with actors, documentary-bibliographic search, site search and analysis of interviews with critical reading procedure of the reports. Some preliminary results of the analysis of the variation of areas intended for planting permanent crops, from 1990 to 2012, indicate that the total area to be harvested in hectares suffer reduction of approximately 68%. The avocado production disappears in the period as computed production. Banana production suffers reduction of approximately 66% of cultivated area. As preliminary conclusions it is noted the lack of clear land use regulations cause a disorderly occupation throughout the city, affecting agriculture through land speculation, with the processing of agricultural areas in commercial, logistics and residential complexes. This scenario would result in a low turnout, lack of channels for social management, lack of social control and the absence of effective public policies.