Avaliação de genótipos de tomateiro do grupo cereja quanto a resistência à requeima e adaptação ao cultivo orgânico

Abstract

The present work had the objective to characterize 59 accessions of tomato of the cherry group regarding its agronomic characteristics and resistance to the late blight and to select those more adapted to the organic agriculture. As standards were used: Carolina, Perinha Água Branca, Pending Yashi, Joanna and the hybrids Super Sweet, Sweet Million and Mascot F1. The experiments were conducted under field conditions in the Horticulture Sector of the Federal Rural University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRRJ) from June 2010 to November 2013 during which eight trials were carried out. In the different trials, productivity, number of total fruits, disease progression, morphological characteristics (coloration, shape, number of locules), physical (longitudinal and equatorial diameter), and physicochemical characteristics of fruits (total soluble solids - TSS , titratable total acidity - TTA, pH, TSS / TTA ratio). It was also evaluated the accumulation of dry mass of the stem, leaves and fruits, content and content of nitrogen (N), potassium (K) and phosphorus (P) in the respective organs. It was observed a great genetic variability between the accessions as to the physical and physical-chemical morphological attributes. Promising accesses were selected for use in breeding programs and with great productive potential and potential for cultivation in organic systems. Among these, we highlight the ENAS 1040, ENAS 1037, ENAS 1031 and ENAS 1026 accessions for cultivation in the spring / summer period and the accesses ENAS 1228, ENAS 1214, ENAS 1227 and ENAS 1220 by the highest total soluble solids (ºBrix). The accessions ENAS 1121, EAS 1013, ENAS 1143 and ENAS 1029 were distinguished by the production of fruits with differentiated formats and the accesses ENAS 1007, ENAS 1008, ENAS 1037, ENAS 1033, ENAS 1017, ENAS 1036, ENAS 1062 and ENAS 1029 by coloring of the fruits. The accessions ENAS 1227 and 1026 stood out by the partial resistance to the late blight, equivalent to the standards 'Carolina' and 'Perinha Água Branca'. The accessions ENAS 1227, ENAS 1216, ENAS 1153 and ENAS 1060 were the ones that stood out the most regarding the resistance to the late blight and productivity.