Ensino de coesão referencial no 9º ano do Ensino Fundamental a partir do objeto direto anafórico de terceira pessoa

Abstract

According to variational researches (cf. DUARTE, 1989; AVERBUG, 1998, 2000, 2007; FREIRE, 2000; 2005; 2011), the strategies that appear in the Brazilian Portuguese instead of accusative clitic for representation of the anaphoric direct object of third person are nominative pronoun, anaphoric NP and null object. This research, based on theoretical and methodological backgrounds from Grammar of the Text and Variationist Sociolinguistics, aims to investigate the frequency of the aforementioned variants on writing of ninth grade students from elementary school, in continuum orality-literacy (cf. BORTONI-RICARDO, 2004), to check whether the school can influence on the students‘ writing. Plus, we intent to guide these students to realize the relevance of each of the variants in orality events or literacy events, so that they can use those variants in different linguistic contexts. For this purpose, we selected three genres distributed along this continuum: comic strip which is considered a representation of the oral speech, chronicles which stands halfway this continuum, and, finally, the newspaper articles which represents the other pole of the continuum, due to their higher degree of literacy. In order to achieve the objectives, we developed a teaching sequence, which allowed to work with diferent texts, from the diagnosis to the final productions. The results showed, on the one hand, that the accusative clitic is not part of natural grammar of students, it depends on educational process; on the other hand, the use of nominative pronoun as direct object is still very much present in the writing of students, even in representative genres of literate culture as the newspaper reports, which signals that school must promote the students‘ literacy process, especially to make them able to handle the prestige linguistic structures.