Avaliação da reabilitação em áreas de empréstimo a partir de reflorestamentos na Mata Atlântica.

Abstract

Reclaimed areas constitute ecosystems where soil and part of subsoil were suppressed. They show minimal resilience levels and need antropogenic interference for rehabilitation in the regional context. In this study it was evaluated 5 reforestations with different species and functional properties (treatments) after a lapse of 13-years. In chapter 1 it was evaluated the development, horizontal structure and floristic composition of shrubby-arboreal stratum. In chapter 2 understory spontaneous regeneration and in chapter 3 similarity of floristic composition between rehabilitation and a spontaneous restored area (~ 40 years old) were determined. At reforestation sites with five different groups of species, floristic composition increased from 12 to 23 species, distributed on 12 families and 276 individuals, where Fabaceae was the major family. For spontaneous regeneration 3.554 individuals were surveyed (1.438 on winter and 2.116 at summer) and the most representative families were Asteraceae and Poaceae. At the restoration site, it was observed 967 individuals from spontaneous regeneration, and the most representative families were Asteraceae and Sapindaceae, showing that there is low similarity between rehabilitation and restoration environments. All treatments displayed advances in the environmental sustainability, but two combinations of species had different performances in the rehabilitation of the reclaimed areas.