Avaliação química e biológica do Jambu (Acmella oleracea L.) seco com ar frio e liofilizado

Abstract

The chemical and biological properties of Jambu, as well as the evaluation of the stability of spilanthol and the procedures of isolation this amide by solvents extraction are described. Were determined the amino acid profile, fatty acids, minerals, and free polyphenols, and total antioxidant activity (DPPH and ABTS) by the processes of drying with cold air and lyophilization. Adsorption isotherms were constructed using the set of experimental data of eight mathematical models. Lyophilized capitula, leaves and stems of Jambu were extracted with methanol at 100 °C, and 10 MPa, and analyzed by LC-MS and NMR spectroscopy. The effect of methanol extract, and of fractions obtained by partitions with hexane and dichloromethane of methanol extracts, of the Jambu on the tyrosinase enzyme such as the antimicrobial activity front against of Micrococcus luteus and Lactobacillus casei were evaluated. The activation index of NKCC2 phosphorylation was evaluated by Western blotting. The rate of aquaporin 2 apical expression was analysed by confocal laser microscopy. Jambu dryed by cold air showed higher content of nutrient, except for the mineral content, and antioxidant capacity compared to lyophilized Jambu. At all evaluated temperatures, the model of Peleg presented the best adsorption isotherms of Jambu dryed by cold air. Spilanthol concentrations in capitula, leaves and stems were 16.5, 0.344 and 0.241 mg/g dry weight. The methanol extract from Jambu and the hexane fraction (84.28 % of spilanthol) were able to activate oxidant activity of the tyrosinase enzyme. On the other hand, the dichloromethane fraction (about 100 % spilanthol) showed strong inhibitory effect of tyrosinase enzyme in the first 10 min. There was no antimicrobial activity of methanol extract and hexane fraction about L. casei. But the hexane fraction created inhibition zone on M. luteus. Induced inhibition of cAMP by spilanthol modulates negatively the urine-concentrating mechanisms. It is concluded that Jambu subjected to the drying process with cold air offers better chemical quality and antioxidant capacity. The major component, espilantol, present mainly in inflorescences, does not change with extreme storage conditions. The methanolic extract of Jambu strongly activates the enzyme tyrosinase, whereas the dichloromethane fraction inhibits the tyrosinase. The hexanic fraction inhibits Micrococcus luteus growth and espilantol inhibits the production of cAMP, contributing to its application in drugs with diuretic function.